Republic of south africa risk assessment in terms of regulation 8 of the waste exclusion regulations applicant palabora copper pty ltd. South africa exports about 30% of its coal production and is the fifthlargest global coal exporter. The outcrops of karoo supergroup permian strata in southern africa. Feb 10, 2012 beneficiation is the new buzz word in governments resourcenationalism plan, which proposes taxes on the export of raw materials in a bid to boost manufacturing in downstream industries and. Peatfield synopsis the design and operation of coal preparation plants are governed by the inherent quality of the raw coal to be processed, market specifications and the saleable tonnage requirements. World facts index south africa geography map of south africa. Flamite advantages and disadvantages of coal in south africa. South africas coal exports south african market insights. Witbankss no5 seam also produces metallurgical coal. The benefits and challenges associated with coal in south. Coal is the main source of energy in southern africa. Coal deposits of south africa the future of coal mining in south africa stephan schmidt institute for geology, gustavzeunerstr. A wide variety of coal price options are available to you, there are 37 coal price suppliers, mainly located in africa.
The top supplying country or region is south africa, which supply 100% of coal price respectively. Coal prospects in botswana, mozambique, zambia, zimbabwe, and namibia 7 southern africa has a wealth of coal resources as proven by the massive coal mining and export industry operating in the republic of south africa today. Souhy south32 announced today that it will manage south africa energy coal saec as a standalone business from april 2018 and invest 4. South africa energy coal to become a standalone business south32.
In 1997, 68% of the regions energy consumption was coalbased, while the rest of africa depended primarily on oil for its energy needs energy information administration, 2000. South africa produces in excess of 255 million most from witbank tonnes of coal 2011 estimate and consumes almost three quarters of that domestically. The history of coal mining in south africa afri coal. South africas reserves by coalfieldssa mineral industry 0607 industry and the future of coal mining south africa was built on mining and it remains the global centre for the industry. Mining in south africa was once the main driving force behind the history and development of africas most advanced and richest economy. The free state is the only province in south africa that operates a free 24hour dedicated rotorwing aeromedical service from a public hospital. It was named for being the second sasol extraction refinery producing oil from coal, after sasolburg, some 140 kilometres 87 mi to the west. Coal transition in south africa 5 energy pathway for south africa. Angloamerican, exxaro, sasol, bhp billiton and xstrata figure 2. Even with limited implementation of climate change policy, coal is no longer south africa s future. Coal is the major primary energy source for south africa. Richards bay also has the deepest natural harbour in the continent. Renewable energy is derived from a limitless source. They are placed in highlatitude areas with high wind resource.
Durban coal port, south africa is located at durban, kwazulunatal, south africa. Geography of south africa geographic regions, climate and. Calls to decrease the worlds dependence on coal as an energy source are well intentioned. South africas indigenous energy resource base is dominated by coal. South africa produces approximately 245 million tonnes of coal annually. Coal prospects in botswana, mozambique, zambia, zimbabwe and. Gold was first discovered in mpumalanga province in 1883 by auguste roberts in the mountains surrounding what is now barberton. They are able to reach far flung areas in only 45 minutes and deliver a high level of care on scene. The ecca group is extensive, covering around two thirds of south africa much of it covered by slightly younger rocks. Although gold, diamonds, platinum and coal are the most wellknown among the minerals and metals mined, south africa also hosts chrome, vanadium, titanium and a number of other lesser minerals.
A comprehensive overview of coal 5 coal reserves showing regional shares at end of 2003 europe and eurasia 36% asia pacific 30% north america 26% africa 6% south and central america 2% middle east coal reserves less than 1% of total reserves source. Flamite pty ltd is a supply chain management company for coal, coke, fuel, anthracite and related energy products. Over 90% of the coal consumed in africa is produced in south africa. Coal prospects in botswana, mozambique, zambia, zimbabwe. South african coal industry and aims to keep stakeholders informed about developments as well as. South africa exports 19572020 data 20212022 forecast. South africa exported about 30% of its coal production 85 mmst in 2016, making it the worlds fifthlargest global coal exporter. Largescale and profitable mining started with the discovery of a diamond on the banks of the orange river in 1867 by erasmus jacobs and the subsequent discovery and exploitation of the kimberley pipes a few years later. Coal mining in south africa plays a significant role in the countrys economy.
Coal deposits of south africa the future of coal mining. Mining in south africa was once the main driving force behind the history and development of africa s most advanced and richest economy. The largest coal deposits in south africa are to be found in the ecca deposits, a stratum of the karoo supergroup, dating from the permian period, between 280 and 250 ma. Coal deposits of south africa the future of coal mining in. Common practice is to deposit a soil layer of 30100 cm as a clad. Waste stream or portion coal ash of a waste stream to be excluded from the definition of waste brick making beneficial uses road filling intermediate landfill capping waste generanng faciuty or.
South africa occupies the southern tip of the african continent, stretching from 22s to 35s latitude and from 17e to 33e longitude. This process involves sourcing the best coal and other products for our clients as well as delivering it timeously and efficiently in and around south africa and the rest of the world. The geology of south africa is highly varied including cratons, greenstone belts, large impact craters as well as orogenic belts. Waste stream or portion coal ash of a waste stream to be excluded from the definition of waste brick making beneficial uses road filling intermediate landfill capping waste generanng faciuty or facilities. Coal is exploited with varying degrees of sophistication, from oneman spadeandshovel diggings, providing fuel for rural households, to some of the worlds largest opencast and underground coal mines. Coal has been an important commodity in south africa for many years and it is one of the oldest mining enterprises in the country. Emissions projections for south african coal fired power stations were made up until 2040 for four different future scenarios, namely a lag behind, more of the same, at the forefront and low carbon world scenario south african coal roadmap sacrm, 20. Creamer medias coal 2016 report examines south africas coal industry with regard to the business environment, key participants in the sector, local demand, export sales and coal logistics, projects being undertaken by the large and smaller participants in the market, as well as various issues affecting the sector, such as industrial action and environmental considerations, among other. However, as the world moves away from coal, south africa will need to consider the implications. Pdf the coal deposits of southern africa botswana, malawi, mozambique.
South africa eiaari world shale gas and shale oil resource assessment june, 20 xix3 introduction south africa is a net natural gas importer, primarily from neighboring mozambique and namibia. South africas junior coal miners, some of them tiny producers, are facing intense pressure to consolidate, but the varying quality of their deposits and what are often poor locations will hold. The next twenty years will be critical for the south african coal industry. Coal mining in south africa is centred on the highveld, with roughly 60% of the countrys deposits located in emalahleni witbank and surrounding areas. South africa is the fifth largest coal producing country in the world. Coal supplies over 70% of the countrys energy needs, over 90% of its electricity requirements, and over 95% of. Internationally, coal is the most widely used primary fuel, accounting for about 36 percent of the total fuel consumption of the worlds electricity production. Commissioned in 1976, port of richards bay is the largest in south africa and handles about 40% of. Table i summarizes pertinent geological information about the coal seams in. Around 77% of south africa s energy needs are directly derived from coal and 92% of coal consumed on the african continent is produced in south africa.
To the west, south and east, south africa borders on the atlantic and southern indian oceans. Health effects due to radionuclides content of solid minerals. The benefits and challenges associated with coal in south africa. We are a national distributor covering all provinces in south africa, as well as exporting to other african countries. South africa is particularly well endowed with coal resources, this partly due to the existence of the karoo basin within the country cadle et. Isolated, 1 920 km southeast of cape town in the atlantic, lie prince edward and marion islands, which became part of south africa in 1947. Coal also received a debt facility for up to r240m secured from the industrial development corporation of south africa for the. We are a national distributor covering all provinces in south africa, as well as exporting to. In situ bioremediation of south african coal discard dumps.
South africas economically recoverable coal reserves are estimated at between 15 and 55 billion tonnes. South african coal centre for environmental rights. Lower use would reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and less demand would lower the environmental risk of coal mining. Factboxbiggest coal miners in south africa reuters. Secunda is situated at latitude 26 and longitude 29 and is 1620 meters.
Coal supplies over 70% of the countrys energy needs, over 90% of its electricity requirements, and over 95% of its metallurgical carbon coke requirements. South african coal the university of cape town graduate school. Topography influences the layout of the plant but does not affect the process. The discovery of diamonds in the late 1870s led to expansion of the mines in order to meet the growing demand for coal. South africas dependence on coal to generate about 90% of our electricity has. In particular, coal consumption in south africa accounts for 74% of the countrys energy usage and in zimbabwe, 51%. Coal demand in south east asia would quadruple by 2040, with coal use overtaking the usa, while coal demand would also grow in africa, latin america and eastern europe. Beneficiation is the new buzz word in governments resourcenationalism plan, which proposes taxes on the export of raw materials in a bid to boost manufacturing in. Structurally, the coal horizons are undeformed with each displaying a very slight dip to the south east of less than a degree and minor discrete faulting events that have a south west to north east trend of graben features and other minor faulting. Coal still provides around 40% of the worlds electricity.
South africa s indigenous energy resource base is dominated by coal. This study was conducted within the richards bay precinct located at latitude of 28. Bp 2004 gas reserves showing regional shares at end of 2003. Richardsbaai is a town in kwazulunatal, south africa. Coal deposits of south africa the future of coal mining in south africa 5 fig. South africas coalfields a 2014 perspective request pdf.
Commissioned in 1976, port of richards bay is the largest in south africa and handles about 40% of the countrys total port demand 11. South africa coal production red and exports black south africa produces in excess of 255 million most from witbank tonnes of coal 2011 estimate and consumes almost three quarters of that domestically. The future of coal in south africa cannot be seen in isolation anymore. The south african coal roadmap iii highlights of the roadmap the south african coal roadmap was developed to explore the short, medium and longterm activities and interventions needed to support the coal industry in south africa to maximise its contribution to south africa in the face of an uncertain future. Coalmad distributes coal and carbon related products to industrial consumers as well as coal traders. Emissions projections for south african coalfired power stations were made up until 2040 for four different future scenarios, namely a lag behind, more of the same, at the forefront and low carbon world scenario south african coal roadmap sacrm, 20. It is situated on a 30 square kilometre lagoon of the mhlatuze river, which gives it one of the countrys largest harbours. This publication covers a broad overview and analysis of the. This page provides the latest reported value for south africa exports. Coal demand in southeast asia would quadruple by 2040, with coal use overtaking the usa, while coal demand would also grow in africa, latin america and eastern europe. The pie chart below shows the 10 biggest export destinations for south africas coal exports. Sales representative, senior project manager, supply chain specialist and more on. Geography of south africa geographic regions, climate.
Coal of africa s makhado project to start in a year. Although the composition of south african sa coal differs across seams and across the 19 coalfields, in general, the sa coals are high in ash. Coal tonnages were only assessed on farms on which boreholes had been drilled and on which potential for eventual economic extraction of the coal exists. Thermal coal products in south africa j o u r n a l p a p e r the journal of the southern african institute of mining and metallurgy volume 110 nonrefereed paper october 2010 595 table i typical specification sheet of coal quality. Health effects due to radionuclides content of solid. Roofcoal dump, mpumalanga, south africa suggested the in situ manufacture of an organic rich soillike material when the coal degrading fungus neosartorya fischeri, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi amf, and cynodon dactylon were introduced together with weathered coal as the carbon donor. The industry will have to make economical and political changes, or else it will steadily reduce production and lose its international markets to other, better prepared countries. The geology of the country is the base for a large mining sector that extracts gold, diamonds, iron and coal from worldclass deposits. The coal industry employed 92,230 people in 2019 86,647 in 2018, representing about 19% of total employment in the mining sector. Flamite advantages and disadvantages of coal in south. Minnitt synopsis this article captures the intrinsic differences of thermal coal products, their utilization and their substitution characteristics. As such, south africa has given priority to exploration for domestic gas and oil. Geology and coal quality of the south african coalfields coal is found in south africa in 19 coalfields figure 1, located mainly in kwazulunatal, mpumalanga, limpopo, and the free state, with lesser amounts in gauteng, the north west province and the eastern cape. A perspective on south african coal fired power station.
Much of the no 2 seam, and a portion of the no 4 seam, is exported as steam coal. About 37% of these are coal, 16% are carbon, and 10% are leather auxiliary agents. Mcmining limited is an emerging developer and producer of highquality thermal and coking coal, based in south africa. A perspective on south african coal fired power station emissions. Commercial coal mining commenced in the eastern cape near molteno in 1864. Most of south africa s coal exports are sent to asia, with india being the largest recipient. South africa energy coal to become a standalone business south32 limited asx, lse, jse. South africa is the biggest producer of hard coal in africa, and it is a significant global player. The important role that coal has played in south africas economic development is often downplayed in todays world, where fossil fuels are frequently denigrated. Witbank, mpumalanga, landau colliery forms part of the south african coal estates. Surprising to see is the fact that over the time period january 2010 to june 2017, india made up just over 46% of south africas total coal exports in terms of value.
Coal of africas makhado project to start in a year. Characterization of the coal resources of south africa. Queensland ceo michael roche said the outlook was positive despite the current downturn in prices. Its role since 1923 as a primary source of energy has steered the. Pdf coal has been an important commodity in south africa for many years and it is one of the oldest mining enterprises in the country. This paper gives an overview over the deposits of hard coal in south africa.
The northward drift of gondwana to lower latitudes during the permian. Pdf an overview of the permian karoo coal deposits of southern. The northeastern corner of the country lies within the tropics, astride the tropic of capricorn. It is operated by bluff coal loading appliance rennies facility. Mpumalanga accounts for 83% of south africas coal production. The source watch ranks this african giant at number five, just behind china, the usa, india, and australia.
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